It's About Leadership: A Proposed Scorecard for Massachusetts Technology Companies

First of two.

In 1988, six months after I started Avid Technology, Inc., I got a $500K first round investment from Bill Kaiser of Greylock Management. This began a long and successful business partnership between Bill and I. Recently we got together for a day at MIT to think about the local economy, and how to encourage new behaviors to increase success in the region.

This post is meant to be a starting point, and is the result of discussions with Bill Kaiser, Tom Hopcroft, Steve O'Leary, Colin Angle, Brad Feld, John Cullinane, Paul English, Don Dodge, Will Herman, Dharmesh Shah, Jeffrey Bussgang and Scott Kirsner.  

It's About Leadership: A Proposed Scorecard Massachusetts for Technology Companies

Sports are a wonderful metaphor for real life, because they encapsulate so many things that we know are crucial in business as well as on the playing field: Teamwork, leadership, talent, strategy, and hard work. All sports have one thing in common: A clear measure of the score, and an unambiguous knowledge of who has won and who has lost.

I believe that if we increase our talent pool, and increase our leadership expertise, then jobs, profits and revenues will follow. After all, just like any company, a region is really little more than the pool of great people that it contains.

But how do we increase our talent pool? And how do we increase our leadership role in the country and in the world? First, I believe we need a measurement of success that in the long run will translate to success in growing leadership and thus talent. I believe we have sold too many of our great companies, and we have put our national and global leadership at risk. Yes, we do have talented people here, but do we want to employ them as outsourced R&D for distant companies? What happens to our ability to recruit great talent when the jobs here are away from headquarters? Whose career has ever soared by working in an "outpost?"

I propose a scorecard that helps push us towards having companies locally run. It's a shorthand way of saying: "Play big." "Don't sell out." It's a way of saying "Lead here."

Since metaphors are made to be mixed, the scorecard comes from baseball, and playbook (next post) from football. The scorecard is a way to talk about success. My hope is that we might all agree on a common definition of the score, and use that to push ourselves to better performance and higher leadership.

Single
Any growing company that is selling a successful product.
This would mean any company that successfully reaches the market and serves a growing need.
Essentially, you're on base once you show that more and more people need and obtain your product.

Double
Any growing company with sales over $10M.

Triple
Any growing company with sales over $100M

Home Run
>1B market cap

Grand Slam
>10B market cap
Dominates its market; fast market growth

This is an extremely simple scorecard, with five levels separated by a factor of ten in sales, then a factor of ten in market cap. It gives us a way of naming what we have, and maybe what we don't have. More importantly, it lets us think in terms of "candidates" for greatness:

"Home Run Candidate" - This means a local company that could go pubic, and reach over a billion in market cap. Constant Contact and iRobot are examples.

"Grand Slam Candidate" This is a company that is probably already public, and could become an unchallenged global leader with over $10B in sales.
Akamai is an example.

Our Grand Slam Technology Companies

EMC
Raytheon
Thermo Fischer Scientific
(others?)

Establishing the Right Horizon Early On

I believe that we are selling our triples before they can be home runs, and selling our home runs before they can become grand slams. Within each company, this probably makes perfect sense. A great deal for the investors and for the current employees. But I believe that if we sell our triples and home runs, we forever eliminate the benefit that may have accrued had these companies topped their field as an independent company. No Grand Slams. Just divisions. I just don't think you can lead a region, let alone a nation and the world, with divisions.

Some of this is based on the horizon that companies establish early on in life. Think about how brash Amazon's goals were, and how doggedly they pursued them. The result is a Grand Slam of epic proportions. While Amazon may have had offers early on in life, it's high but focused goals would have precluded any early sale.

We will only get what we set out to get. Let's set our horizons boldly, but achievable. Let's design our work to result in Grand Slams that are based here. There are plenty of regions out there who will sell us their Triples and Home Runs if we can offer them a great price, and a ride around the bases.

Please add your Grand Slam Scorecard additions, suggestions, and modifications as comments below. I'll pull them together into a new pass at the scorecard
29 responses
This is a great initiative.

This is a great framework.

Why don't you create a Massachusetts Innovation Scorecard where you track and post quarterly the number of triples, home runs, and grand slams -- sort of a like a funnel. If you let the community police it, I'm sure it would be valuable. I can imagine it being a one (of many ways we) measure the effectiveness of our current and future governors.

Nice framework. How about adding "At bat" for a startup pre-product launch? If the startup fails - they "struck out".
It would be cool if you wrote another top 10 Letterman-style article that talked about some of the reasons why you should stay in MA when you graduate from MIT, Harvard, etc to start your company that's a bit snarky. For example:
10. There are far less startups competing for better local talent in Boston. You are not really competing with Google, Salesforce, Facebook, etc for new hires.
9. Once you build your startup, you won't lose your best people to start a competitor when you hit your first speed bump.
8. Your employees will likely stay with you __% longer than employees on the west coast. (I'm sure there is some analysis out there on this that shows the loyalty factor of Boston v SF)
7. Massachusetts citizens are independent thinkers -- just ask Martha Coakley.
6. Face it, you'll miss the Red Sox and the Giants just won't fill the void.
5. San Francisco is great if you like donating to the homeless every 15 steps.
4. The valley is great if you just love love love strip malls.
3. etc...
I love it. Why'd you stop? You were just three away from saying, "and the number one reason you should stay in MA when you graduate is..."
Seems to me keeping entrepreneurs and thus their startups in MA has to start in the universities. I'm not familiar with programs in MA universities so this may be a moot point so please excuse me if it is :-)

I believe that Silicon Valley's success is a direct result of Stanford actively cultivating a local culture of entrepreneurship. Check out their Center for Entrepreneurial Studies at http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/ces/

The way I see it is this. Stanford provides a great environment for young entrepreneurs to learn, be mentored, hang out and dream with other entrepreneurs-in-training, and in some cases incubate their startup companies before they even graduate.

After graduation these entrepreneurs stay in the valley because

1. They have a loyalty to the area due to the support they've already received.

2. They are well connected. By graduation a Stanford student can be a member of a great network of engineers, business leaders, thought leaders, venture capitalists, other entrepreneurs, etc. Oh...and there are tons of entrepreneur networks available in case you didn't go to Stanford or were not good at building your connections.

3. They'd be crazy to move away from the ecosystem :-) When they need funding - they already know several Angel Investors and Venture Capitalists. When they need to hire Stanford encourages them to recruit. When they need advice, they can reach out to Stanford alumni, professors, researchers, etc. other successful entrepreneurs for mentoring. When they need press, there's no shortage of people wanting to write about the next Silicon Valley startup.

Could this be duplicated in MA? I think so but it won't happen over night and it has to start in Harvard and/or MIT.

I really like this general framework and how it's contributing to the overall discussion of building our industry here locally. One of the things that I know has been discussed but I think still needs addressing is providing more of a path for 'would-be founders' to help them along.

I'm mainly working among the tech people (as Tim O'Reilly calls them, the 'alpha geeks') in the area through organizations such as the Boston Ruby Group (bostonrb.org) and I can tell you these people are looking for ways to build the Next Big Thing. But they're capital starved, not sure of what to do and are wondering how to find mentors and help.

Starting with the Universities is god, but not sufficient -- it's really about finding those people who are capable of creating innovation and creating a framework for them to succeed in.

@bill It was pretty late at night and I couldn't come up with a good 3, 2, 1....feel free to steal some of mine and write your own post on the topic. Your blog is a more appropriate venue for that type of thing than blog.hubspot.com which is a more national audience composed mostly of marketing folks.
Great thoughts, but where's the LEADERSHIP? This post is about scoring a company's market success, that doesn't always correlate to the quality of the leaders: do they inspire their employees? Do they give their team The trust and room they need to innovate (tech and marketing, etc) or treat them all like drones to produce the product?
Bill-love the framework and you're work to kickstart things in Boston.

If we're talking about "funded" startups then my metric would be based on returning capital to the common shareholders. That would imply that the Preferred and the Founders made money.

Measuring sales alone is an abstract proxy for success and doesn't ensure that the company successfully returns capital to the common shareholders.

Cheers,
David

I'm a recent MIT grad and an entrepreneur. @Chattermundo brings up some good points. The Valley has a density of people that we don't have here.
MIT has a huge drain of talent OUT of technology. The number of people willing to go after building the next big thing or into startups is small. "I just invested so much in this degree, I should be making big money now," is part of the mentality I think. It has boggled my mind the proportion of students that run off to Wall Street and other finance related jobs. But there heavy pressures to do so.
Changing this will take time, but I'd say is key in the startup economy here.

Particularly for a younger entrepreneur working on something ambitious, it's tempting to go west to find other entrepreneurial peers of the same mindset.

Great framework and like @chattermundo, I'd propose that we add a simple metric to reflect the mandate to encourage both QUALITY & VOLUME of nascent at bats. Batter Coaching. What are we doing to encourage the great ideas and fledging entrepreneurs coming out of MIT (or Stanford for that matter) to germinate in MA. What are we doing to add value and change the community environment to support the earliest of founding stages.
Very compelling way to evaluate the entrepreneurial success of a region. Would be interesting to see more micro-level leading indicators at the individual company level that would allow startups to manage toward these. External stuff tends to be company-specific, but a lot of the internal stuff that determines longevity is highly transferable.
This is a great post Bill. I completely agree. But I think there is probably difficulty on both ends of the funnel. I think another analogy is soccer. I'd call a successful product company a shot on goal. It's hard to tell early on whether any of these will become home runs (or a game winning goal). But you can't score unless you have enough shots on goal. I think the ecosystem in Boston could use more catalysts to get companies shots on goal. TechStars went a long way towards accomplishing this. I think getting more folks active at the early stage (ie: $1000K-$750K) would help tremendously too. I know some VC's are trying to do this, as are groups like Founders Collective and Launch. But I don't think we're quite there yet. It's not just about money too, but time, expertise, and mentorship, as others have written.
So I don't want to be the malcontent here, but I'm not sure a scorecard is what we need. SV doesn't have one. They celebrate risk, outsized risk and outlandish ideas, knowing that most will fail, but a big one will arise. They celebrate failure. Angels and VC's expect failure.

Let's be honest. Would a Blippy have a chance here? Sharing your purchasing behavior?

And on the topic of big companies, who is celebrated for not going public? or not selling? FB. They love to flout convention. And who was castigated recently for selling to early? Mint.

That does not seem to be our culture here in Boston. Paul Maeder has spoken often of selling too early. Imagine boards here telling FB not to file? It takes real cojones to keep it off that track.

At a much smaller level, I have been advising two startups and all too common refrain they got from angels and potential investors was "Show me traction", "Show me revenue". These are early, early companies with very large ideas. They need encouragement not a cold "slap" of "reality" in the face.

Lets nurture the big ideas, not stifle them by applying cold, hard metrics that could cause entrepreneurs to flee to more supportive climates.

The idea of the scorecard is mainly to focus energy to push harder with what we have. To encourage a triple to stay private and head to a home run public offering. And ideally, to have it designed that way in the first place. The goal of the scorecard is to INCREASE supportiveness of the talent we have here, not to cause them to flee to more supportive climates! But tell me more about how it can have the opposite effect...that would be tragic.
This gets me thinking about another item. I believe we are often our own worst enemy about not believing in ourselves. When someone says "would a (fill in the blank surprisingly successful company) have a chance here?, there is a big put-down implied in the statement. Oh, of course not! Not here! We're not open to wild ideas or new thinking. Baloney. We have a history of doing wild ideas, but we are having a drought now, and it's the reasons behind that drought that we need to explore and change. I don't believe there is anything fundamental about our region that excludes us from doing OUTRAGEOUSLY SUCCESSFUL ventures. But believing we can't will work just fine at stopping us. Malcontents: join in fixing that which is causing the malcontentedness! It can be done, and surprisingly quickly.
Bill,
Those of us in the trenches running startups are very much engaged, fighting the good fight. Some of us are not moving to SV because we have thick skins and ignore feedback from investors who apply ancient litmus tests to new ideas. But the younger crowd has less patience and fewer roots that prevent them from picking up and moving.

(1) Lets make a better first impression to fledgling entrepreneurs.
(2) Lets make Boston a place where crazy ideas get a chance to succeed.
(3) Lets raise angel and seed investment substantially in Boston in 2010 over 2009? Maybe set a goal to double it?
(4) Lets get the angel community in Boston to work closely with the angel community in CA, to jointly invest to get a shared wisdom and best practices into place.

Just a quick comment...there are over 30 schools in Boston alone. I think that if we want to innovate, we should think bigger and broader than just MIT and Harvard. Talented entrepreneurs can come from any school...and some from no school at all.

There is also a lot to be learned from what MIT and Harvard are doing and potentially apply it to other schools to cultivate their greatest talent to enter the community.

I think Bill's framework is a novel way to talk about this long standing problem, and maybe to hold boards and investors more accountable when faced with the chance to sell a triple. Everyone says they're in favor of more home runs and grand slams for the region. The problem comes when CEOs, investors and independent directors are faced with the moment of truth: the chance to realize a sure gain now. Maybe if we kept track of the triples that should've been homers, those who want a reputation for being sluggers will think twice before selling too early.
Lotus, I think, would qualify in the home run category, at least until 1995 when they were acquired.
Barry, thanks mentioning Lotus. This is an example of a home run company that really could have become a grand slam. Of course there were many things that led to Lotus becoming weakened and then ripe for purchase. They were competing against Microsoft, and the OS2/Windows situation played out badly for them. But frankly, I've seen too many local companies be significantly out-played by other companies. Lotus vs. Microsoft. Apollo vs. Sun. (I was at Apollo, and we always thought that "better technology" would win in the end. It didn't.) Computervision vs. AutoCad. (I was also at Computervision, but well before AutoCad came along.)
Do we get to say "Oh well?". No. We need to figure out how to turn our home runs into grand slams. Lotus, Apollo, and Computervision were all home runs that were superb candidates to become grand slams.
Bill,
I think your idea of thinking big is very valid but most comments here compare Boston to Silicon Valley. I think it is short-sighted have a purely domestic perspective on this.

Boston is no longer competing with Silicon Valley, it's competing with Delhi, Shanghai, Singapore, Zurich, Berlin, Sao Paulo etc.

I think Silicon Valley, Austin, NYC and Boston should work together to retain the international talent trained here to reverse the de-skilling that American industry has experienced in the last 15 years. Also, a triple or home run becomes more likely if companies are built with international markets in mind.

Thinking big means thinking internationally :-)

Bettina

Bill,

I really like your post (and the comments have been great too).

Having this type of a scorecard is really interesting and could provide a helpful framework for benchmarking success. But I think that this type of scorekeeping could be glossing over some of the behavioral differences that are apparent between East and West.

On the west coast, I'd argue that one of the biggest badges of honor among entrepreneurs is not just the magnitude of an exit, but of the longevity of their careers. What I mean by that is that an entrepreneur on the west coast can sell a company and can make enough money to retire, but there is a sort of peer pressure for that entrepreneur to either:

A) Give back to the community as an angel, mentor, or VC
B) Start another company and try to make it bigger than the last one

Star Culture:
I believe that a big contributor to this pressure is the "star" culture in the valley. Marc Andreessen, for example, was revered, then viewed as maybe lucky, but he kept plugging away, and now he is really one of the most respected, premier guys, even though he's never hit a "grand slam" according to this scorecard. He has played a huge role in terms of encouraging entrepreneurship and innovation - and he has helped to create a lot of companies, jobs, and mentored a lot of young entrepreneurs.

Conversely, it often feels like entrepreneurs in Boston have a tendency to hit it big once or twice and then focus on their families or philanthropy. Outside of folks like yourself, Ray Stata, Desh Deshpande, and a few others, it really does seem like most super successful businesspeople in the Boston area are more focused on family than fame.

Family Ties?
Perhaps this is somewhat related to the fact that many people who live in Boston have familial roots in the Boston area, whereas it always seems as if people in the Bay area have immigrated there from somewhere else. Immigration and the accompanying passion has always been one of the core drivers of entrepreneurship - perhaps there is something to this?

Anyway, my core belief is that we have plenty of successes in Boston (Starent, Equalogix, and dozens of others), they just need to be celebrated more, more "stars" need to be created, and the entrepreneurs behind them need to feel compelled to help start more companies. That type of serial momentum will help to propel more companies to get started in this area.

Sincerely,

Brian

Brian - What a thoughtful and interesting comment. It does seem that there is a cultural idea of "quiet wealth" here. Hmmm. This is a powerful element of our ethos and I wonder how to move this one. Maybe WE need our own immigrants! -- Bill
Bill, Brian,

There are plenty of immigrants here - I'm one of them. MIT/Harvard and all the other renowned universities in the Boston area produce plenty of foreign grads that want to prove themselves here.
If they want to stay here, though, the visa process is grueling and expensive.

Many of my MIT classmates that wanted to found companies here went back to their home countries because of the difficulty of staying here. My husband and I were just tenacious enough to try for the H1-B lottery and we had the $10k in savings to pay for the legal work involved.

Most young grads don't have that luxury and therefore just leave - especially because the start-up environment internationally is getting more and more attractive as I mentioned in my last comment.

Cheers,
Bettina

@billwarner Bill - you might be interested in the Venturefizz LinkedIn discussion on your topic - http://tiny.cc/8rWCg
Great discussion. One important dimension of the sports metaphor is missing; the key factor that drives performance – skills. Using the farm system as a guide in my coaching work, I segment entrepreneurs into Rookies, A’s, AA’s, AAA’s and Major Leaguers. Not only must one work with entrepreneurs at each skill level differently, I’ve found a 3 to 10X difference in performance between each level. Higher financial performance (home runs, grand slams, etc.) is achieved by helping them develop their skills to the next level. This requires systemically investing in entrepreneurs as human capital, just as we invest in their businesses. We need to do this not just with individual ventures, but on a regional basis to order to create an effective farm system that produces these outcomes.

We can assess and increase skills and skill levels, making it a powerful source of leverage in transforming a regional economy.

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